Paper/Resolutions from JEREMY HART - USSR Representative in Security Council

Here are Jeremy Hart's position paper and draft resolutions:
He is the USSR representative in the Security Council.
The Soviet Union had a lot of internal and international conflicts to discern prior to and throughout the 1950’s. Their social, political, and economic structure was perceived to be threatened and many choices made by the Communist part of the Soviet Union were influenced by this view. The Soviets were afraid that a third world war would destroy their country. They saw the devastation that World War I caused on the Romanov family and caused the eventually change in government. World War II showed the communist party in the Soviet Union the distrust in Western Countries. Stalin was double crossed by Adolf Hitler despite the Molotov-Ribbentrop Agreement, which had stated 10 years of peace but had lasted mere months, and the philosophical differences between their own allies, particularly the United States. The Soviets desired to create buffer states to make sure that their country would not be exposed to any wars that may ensue. They decided that using the countries that they defeated in World War II as these buffer states seemed like a logical idea. This idea though put the Soviet Union in direct conflict with the United States, who feared the spread communism and its political system. The difference between ideals in the Soviet Union and the rest of the world truly resonated in the United States’ minds and began the Cold War. There were many factors beyond the buffer states that caused tensions between the Soviet Union and the world throughout the 1950’s.
The first and possibly most significant changed that the Soviet went through, one that altered the Soviet Union more than any prior treaty or conflict did and in the future would, was the death of Joseph Stalin on March 5, 1953. Quietly many of the Communist party were happy for two reasons. The first was that many in the party feared Stalin because of his irrational anger and the second was the party was now able to go in a different direction. This change began when Nikita Khrushchev[1] became Premier. Surprisingly Khrushchev was outspoken against Stalin and criticized many of the former Premiers’ decisions. He led the De-Stalinization process in the Communist Party. The De-Stalinization process tried to get rid of Stalin’s cult of personality and the strict over-the-top Stalinist communism in the Soviet Union. In doing so Khrushchev began a change in the Soviet Union.
Once Khrushchev became the leading political figure after Stalin’s death, he changed many aspects of social structure within the Soviet Union. Almost immediately after Khrushchev became Premier, he implemented his De-Stalinization process. Internationally Khrushchev got rid of much censorship, opened up the Soviet Union public to foreign influences, and even in some views freedom to the Soviet people. The internal changes that were implemented caused more critics to question his ideas. He liberated many peasants and even ordered them to receive passports and identification; such steps would have been unthinkable in the Stalinist Soviet Union. [2] Although the Soviet Union’s social structure was relatively complex, it still held many principles of class systems. Communism believes in all people being equal and the state owning everything. This system of life did not leave much room for different class systems, but in the Soviet Union there were different social levels. There was still a higher up group, which received more of the benefits of education, whereas the farmers’ children were never exposed to the same benefits. Under Khrushchev the youth development programs were increased and monitored closer in hopes of increasing the Soviet Union’s standing in world events. Although the changed that Khrushchev implemented for this ‘class system’ were minute on a large scale, in everyday life for the Soviet Union’s people the changes were just enough to help them. All throughout the 1950’s Khrushchev received support within his country for the changes he made.
On the world stage the Soviet Union made a commotion for their international decisions. On the topic of nuclear testing and nuclear proliferation, the Soviets played a very large part. On August 29, 1949, the Soviets entered a club that previously the United States was alone in, the nuclear bomb club. The Soviets now possessed the nuclear bomb and this changed the world. Although the Soviets said that they were against nuclear war, they still bolstered their arsenal for fear of threats. The main objective of the Soviets was to protect their country from another was and they saw nuclear technology as a grantee of that. For this reason the Soviet Union was opposed to nuclear proliferation, unless it was for their personal gain. The Soviets did not want other countries to possess weapons for fear that too many countries opposed to the Soviets would group together, but the Soviets were comfortable with the idea of having their allies hold nuclear weapons as long as they were controllable. With this logic in hand, Khrushchev believed that nuclear weapons should stay in the hands of very few. Khrushchev, along with the rest of the world, realized that if a true nuclear war broke out the world would be devastated.
Aside from the nuclear issues that the Soviet Union had to cope with during this time, they also needed to find a counter to the alliances by the Western countries. On April 4, 1949, the United States, France, Great Britain, Canada and eight other western European countries joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which helped give security to the countries involved by agreeing that if one country was attacked it was an attack on all of them. This treaty scared the Soviets because they now had a large opposition united together. In a direct counteract to NATO, the Russians created the Warsaw Pact in 1955, which allied eight Eastern communist countries together. The countries included were Albania, Bulgaria, the Czechoslovak Republic, Eastern Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union[3]. This pact allowed Russia to control the combined armed forces of these countries if an armed aggression broke out between any of these countries. The Soviet Union also allied itself, much to the dismay of the United States, with the Fidel Castro led Cubans[4]. This alliance, above the others, would lead the two world super powers into direct conflict in the very near future.
Throughout the 1950’s Communism still dominated the Soviet Union’s economy. The system of communism creates a society in which theoretically all people are equal and thus the economy is all for the state. People get what they need to survive, but no more. Internally people worked for the Soviet Union and what that created, grew, or built was for the Soviet Union. In Khrushchev’s De-Stalinization process he abolished labor camps and allowed millions to go free. The Soviet Union’s economy was generally not affected by world-wide influences. Due to Russia’s extremely large landmass, natural resources were very easy to come by. In the 1950’s, the Soviet Union’s landmass covered about one-eighth of the world’s land surface. Along with the amount of people living in Soviet Union making goods for trade was also easy. Because of the large labor force, both forced (when Stalin was alive) and free (after Stalin’s death), creating tradable goods was easy for the Soviet Union. They controlled much of the Slavic countries in Eastern Europe and had trading partners with many southern bordering Asian countries. Economically throughout the post World War II era, the Soviet Union was economically stable.
Prior to the Cuban Missile Crisis and throughout the 1950’s, the Soviet Union was very enigmatic because of the constant modification in both their own and world decisions. The Soviet Union had to deal with defending themselves against a perceived threat by the Western world, deal with the change of leadership from Stalin to Khrushchev, and the new governmental changes within the communist party by Khrushchev. After the 1950’s and past the Soviet Union will face many challenges from the world and their decision making will help the world progress.
[1] Pubantz, Jerry, and John Allphin Moore Jr. "Khrushchev, Nikita." Encyclopedia of the United Nations, Second Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2008. Modern World History. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE53&iPin=EUNN0249&SingleRecord=True (accessed December 14, 2009).
[2] O'Brien, Patrick K., gen. ed. "Soviet Union (USSR)." Encyclopedia of World History. Copyright George Philip Limited. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2000. Modern World History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE53&iPin=ewh05425&SingleRecord=True (accessed December 14, 2009).
[3] Phillips, Charles, and Alan Axelrod. "cold war." Encyclopedia of Wars, vol. 1. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2005. Modern World History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE53&iPin=EWAR0423&SingleRecord=True (accessed December 14, 2009).
[4] Becker, D. J. "Cuban missile crisis." In Pubantz, Jerry, and John Allphin Moore Jr. Encyclopedia of the United Nations, Second Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2008. Modern World History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE53&iPin=EUNN0100&SingleRecord=True (accessed December 14, 2009).

Draft Resolutions:
The Loophole in Berlin
- Issues:
o The exodus of East German people into West Germany.
§ 3.5 Million people left
o “Brain drain”- Higher educated people left for political reasons
o The lack of boarder protection between East and West Germany
o From the Soviet Union perspective: Finding a way to stop the exodus and find a beneficial compensation for the Soviet Union
- Resolution:
o Record every person who leaves East Germany should be recorded and marked
o Because of the “brain drain” have each East Germany who leaves send back a part of their income to the Soviet Union
§ Also offer extra incentives for well-qualified teachers to come to West Germany and teach
o Create a check post between East and West Germany to mark who goes through
o Yearly quota for how many East Germans are allowed to leave


Due to the direct conflict that the issue of the Loophole in Berlin has on the Soviet Union government, the Soviet Union bloc offers a resolution. Firstly, the issue of the mass exodus of East German citizens leaving to West Germany is causing a ripple effect among East Germany. The Soviet Union has observed that there is a great loss of high educated citizens in East Germany and is causing an immense drop in highly-trained professionals and in education. The Soviet Union offers the idea to record the people leaving East Germany, creating a ‘checkpoint’ in Berlin, and have a yearly quota of how many East Germans are allowed to leave. This checkpoint would consist of a crossing tax and papers that would fill out objects for leaving East Germany. The Soviet Union hopes to implement a policy that if a person desires to live in another country, they must send their next residence and a part of their yearly income to the East German government. This will allow people to be kept track of and allow the East German government funding to allow citizens who are still living in East Germany the opportunity to continue their educational tracks and improve East Germany. The Soviet Union recognizes that his resolution has no impact on other countries and hopes that other countries will help to enforce this resolution.






Cuban Refugee Problem
- Issues:
o The amounts of refugee Cubans being used to overthrow their own government by being sponsored by then United States
o United States trying to get involved in yet another countries government
o 1959- Cuban-Soviet Union diplomatic relations begin
- Resolution:
o Two options:
§ Allow the Cuban refugees to live peacefully in America’s boarders without their strained relationship with Cuba playing a part in their lives
§ Deport the Cuban refugees back to Cuba and let them lead a revolution without support of a much larger country
o Recognize that President Truman’s policy to aid anti-Castro and anti-Communism is deteriorating friendship between the Soviet Union and the United State
o Recognize the growing trend of the United States getting involved in other countries governmental problems

The Soviet Union has seen an increasing trend in the United States interfering with foreign countries internal political affairs. Recently, the Soviet Union has acquired intelligence that the United States’ CIA program is funding, directing, training, and equipping Cuban refugees living in the United States. The United States’ aim is to have these trained Cubans lead an uprising against the Cuban leader Fidel Castro. Due to the Soviet Union and Cuba’s relationship, the Soviet Union believes that this is unfair on behalf of the Cubans. The Soviet Union offers two resolutions that will be just.
The first is to allow the Cuban refugees living in the United State the freedom from their relationship with Cuba. The Soviet Union understands that these people are refugees for a reason and wished to leave their Cuban lives. The Soviet Union believes that the United States should respect that decision. The Soviet Union also infers from the United States actions that they are trying to create an overthrow of the Cuban government. The Soviet Union believes if the United States wishes to do this, they should allow the citizens of Cuba to do so on their own. The Soviet Union suggests that if this course of action is to be pursued by the United States send the refugees back to Cuba without training and allow them to work things out for themselves. The Soviet Union wants to point out this course of action, fighting for themselves without help from another more powerful country, helped the United States, herself, become such a strong country.
Furthermore in a side note, the President of the United States, Harry S. Truman, has issued a well-known policy of aiding any country in anti-Castro and anti-Communist forces. The Soviet Union hopes that the United States realizes that impact of this blatant statement and recognizes the negative impact between the relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States due to this statement.